Mathematical morphology-based point cloud analysis techniques for geometry assessment of 3D printed concrete elements

In 3D printing of cement-based materials, it is imperative to ensure geometrical consistency the print with as-designed/modeled system. Time-dependent, deformable systems like concrete present multiple challenges in ensuring appropriate post-print quality. This paper presents a suite point cloud comparison techniques, which can be used individually or combination, quantify amount mismatch between as-designed and as-printed systems, using morphological analysis. A semi-quantitative error distance method proposed, easily accomplished direct mapping actual reference clouds. accuracy index (PAI) based on centroidal distances proposed as global quantifier Furthermore, topological set theory (TST)-based approach determine layer-wise overlap, helps isolating localized inconsistencies. The methods are tested variety small cuboids, further verified larger mortar print. It expected that these methodologies suitably adapted indicate efficiency print, after fact, during printing. latter facilitates in-line quality checks, turn lead real-time alterations materials processes.